Questions covered in this guide
Four different kinds of information
A source-backed statement identifies an outside publisher. A number you enter is your supplied scenario. A worked example uses explicit assumptions. A missing field stays unknown. These are kept separate so a plausible-looking total does not imply more evidence than we have.
Scope travels with the data
Source records include their scope, verification date and access method. A national price reference is not a local quote. Census identifiers identify geographic areas, not contractors or customers. A location label alone does not establish permit jurisdiction. Check the exact address and project with the responsible authority when requirements matter.
What we do not fill in
Unavailable local pricing, search demand, partner payments and profitability are not converted into zeros or estimated silently. Household counts and wage figures are not used as invented contractor-price multipliers. A published source may contain conflicting tables or be inaccessible to an automated check; those limitations belong in the source note and review.
Following a source
Look for supported claims and source links on each research page and the reference notes beside a calculator result. Check what the linked document actually covers before applying it to your own project or policy. Sources below are a starting catalog, not a claim that every source applies to every tool.
Modernize · HVAC installation costs by equipment type
Published national reference ranges, not measured local prices
Checked 2026-10-12 · Search-indexed source text; direct automated access challenged
Modernize · Asphalt shingle installation ranges
National installed cost per square foot by shingle type
Checked 2026-10-12 · Search-indexed source text
Modernize · Window installation cost reference
National frame table for standard double-hung units and separate installed-style table; alternative ranges elsewhere differ, review required
Checked 2026-10-12 · Search-indexed source text; direct automated access challenged
U.S. Department of Energy · Proper sizing of HVAC systems
Load calculation and equipment sizing
Checked 2026-10-12 · Public guidance
U.S. Census Bureau · Census Gazetteer place directory, 2025 vintage
Place names, identifiers, area and representative coordinates; not postal ZIP boundaries
Checked 2026-10-12 · Official public data download
U.S. Census Bureau · ACS 5-year data API
Survey estimates with margins of error and geography vintage
Checked 2026-10-12 · API currently requires a key; demographics not yet imported
NOAA NCEI · U.S. climate normals
Station-based 1991–2020 normals; not forecasts or HVAC design temperatures
Checked 2026-10-12 · Station selection requires geographic review
Bureau of Labor Statistics · BLS public data API
Published series and regional wage statistics; not contractor prices
Checked 2026-10-12 · Documented public API; series IDs must be selected
U.S. Energy Information Administration · EIA open data API
State electricity statistics; not a household utility tariff
Checked 2026-10-12 · API key required